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English Grammar IN USE FOR INTERMEDIATE

15. PAST PERFECT (I had done)

A	Study this example state of affairs: Sarah went to a political party last calendar week. Paul went to the party too, simply they didn't encounter each other. Paul left t he party at 10.30 and Sarah arrived at 11 o'clock. And then: When Sarah arrived at the political party, Paul wasn't there. · He had gone abode. Had gone is the past perfect (simple): I/ we/ they/ y'all had (=I'd etc.) gone seen finished he/ she/ it (=he'd etc) The past perfect simple is had+ past participle (gone/ seen/ finished etc). Sometimes we talk about something that happened in the past: · Sarah arrived at the political party. This is the starting indicate of the story. So, if we want to talk almost things that happened before this fourth dimension, nosotros utilize the by perfect (had ... ): · When Sarah arrived at the party, Paul had already gone home. Some more examples: · When nosotros got home final night, we constitute that somebody had broken into the flat. · Karen didn't want to go to the cinema with us because she'd already seen the motion picture. · At kickoff I idea I'd done the right matter, but I shortly realised that I'd made a large mistake. · The homo sitting next to me on the aeroplane was very nervous. He hadn't flown earlier. or ... He had never flown before.
B	Compare the present perfect (take seen etc.) and the by perfect (had seen etc.): Nowadays perfect Past perfect · Who is that woman? I've seen her earlier, but I tin can't remember where. · Nosotros aren't hungry. We' ve just had tiffin. · The house is dirty. They haven't cleaned it for weeks. · I wasn't certain who she was. I'd seen her earlier, but I couldn't remember where. · Nosotros weren't hungry. We' d simply had lunch. · The house was muddied. They hadn't cleaned it for weeks.
C	Compare the past elementary (Left, was etc.) and the past perfect (had left, had been etc.): · A: Was Tom there when you arrived? B: Yes, only he left soon afterwards. · Kate wasn't at home when I phoned. · She was at her mother/south house. · A: Was Tom in that location when y'all arrived? B: No, he had already left. · Kate had merely got home when I phoned. She had been at her female parent'southward house.

EXERCISES

fifteen.1	Read the situations and write sentences from the words in brackets. 1 You went to Sue's firm, but she wasn't there. (she /get /out) ____ She had gone out ____________________ 2 Yous went back to your home boondocks after many years. Information technology wasn't the same equally before. (it /change /a lot) __________________________________________ 3 I invited Rachel to the party, but she couldn't come. (she /arrange /to practise something else) __________________________________________ 4 Y'all went to the movie theatre last nighttime. You lot got to the picture palace late. (the film /already /commencement) __________________________________________ 5 Information technology was nice to see Daniel again after such a long time. (I /not I run across /him for v years) __________________________________________ 6 I offered Sue something to consume, merely she wasn't hungry. (she /just /have /breakfast) __________________________________________
xv.2	For each state of affairs, write a sentence ending with never ... before. Employ the verb in brackets. 1 The man sitting next to you on the plane was very nervous. It was his first flight. (fly) ____ He'd never flown before________________ two Somebody sang a song. I didn't know information technology. (hear) I __________________________________________ before 3 Sam played tennis yesterday. He wasn't very good at it because it was his starting time game. (play) He __________________________________________ 4 Last year nosotros went to Mexico. It was our starting time time there. (be in that location) Nosotros __________________________________________
xv.3	Use the sentences on the left to complete the paragraphs on the right. These sentences are in the order in which they happened - so (a) happened earlier (b), (b) earlier (c) etc. Merely your paragraph begins with the underlined sentence, so sometimes yous need the past perfect. ane (a) Somebody broke into the part during the nighttime. (b) Nosotros arrived at piece of work in the forenoon. (c) Nosotros called the law. We arrived at work in the morn and found that somebody had broken into the office during the night. And then __________________________________________ the police. 2 (a) Laura went out this morning. (b) I rang her doorbell. (c) There was no answer. I went to Laura's business firm this forenoon and rang her doorbell, but ____________ no reply. _________________ out. 3 (a) Jim came back from holiday a few days ago. (b) I met him the aforementioned day. (c) He looked very well. I met Jim a few days agone ______ but ___________ holiday. ___________ very well. 4 (a) Kevin sent Sally lots of emails. (b) She never replied to them. (c) Yesterday he got a phone call from her. (d) He was very surprised. Yesterday Kevin ____________ from Emerge. __________ very surprised. _______ lots of emails, but _______________.
15.four	Put the verb into the correct class, by perfect (I had done) or by uncomplicated (I did). 1 'Was Paul at the party when you arrived?' 'No, he ___ had gone_____(go) home.' 2 I felt very tired when I got domicile, then I ____________ (go) directly to bed. 3 The house was very placidity when I got home. Everybody _______________ (go) to bed. 4 Lamentable I'm tardily. The motorcar ____________ (interruption) down on my way here. v We were driving along the road when nosotros ________________ (see) a car which ________ (break) downward, and so nosotros ___________(end) to assistance.

ANSWER Key

15.1

2 It had changed a lot.

3 She'd arranged to exercise something else. /She had arranged ...

4 The movie had already started.

v I hadn't seen him for five years.

6 She'd just had breakfast. /She had just had ...

xv.ii

2 I'd never heard it before. /I had never heard ...

3 He'd never played (lawn tennis) before. /He had never played .. .

four We'd never been there before. /We had never been .. .

15.iii

1 nosotros chosen

2 there was ... She'd gone /She had gone

3 He'd just come back from /He had just come dorsum from ... He looked

four got a telephone telephone call He was He'd sent her /He had sent her ...

she'd never replied to them I

she had never replied to them

15.4

2 went

3 had gone

4 broke

5 saw ... had broken ... stopped

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Source: https://englishexercisesources.blogspot.com/2019/12/15-past-perfect-i-had-done-english.html

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